The rapid growth of the Internet and online platforms has created major opportunities for the dissemination of digital content, while at the same time posing serious challenges to copyright protection. In recent years, Vietnam has gradually reformed its legal framework by introducing platform liability mechanisms, notice-and-takedown procedures, and conditional safe harbor provisions. By contrast, the European Union has taken the lead with the 2019 Digital Single Market Directive and the 2022 Digital Services Act, establishing a comprehensive legal framework that balances the protection of authors with users’ freedom of expression. A comparison of the two systems shows that Vietnam has made significant progress but still lags behind in terms of legal sophistication and the proactive governance of platforms. In the future, Vietnam may draw on the EU’s experience to further improve its copyright regime, ensuring a harmonious balance of interests among authors, platforms, and the public.